Brazil
- System of government
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
- Republic
- Presidential
- Number of Chambers (Unicameral /
Bicameral) and their tenure
: Bicameral.
System of government-References:
- Total population
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12 202,656,788
Total population-References:
- Total area (in square kilo meters)
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12 8,514,877
Total area (in square kilo meters)-References:
- Number of registered voters
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12 142,822,046
Number of registered voters-References:
- Number of registered political parties
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
35
Number of registered political parties-References:
- Number of polling stations
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12 451.877
Number of polling stations-References:
- Average number of voters per polling station
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voting age
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
Over 16 years: Voluntary
Over 18 years: Compulsory
Voting age-References:
- Elected Offices
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
President, State Governors, Senators,
Federal and State Representatives and Representatives of the Federal District. Mayors
and City Councilors(Municipal election).
Elected Offices-References:
- Election system
- Last Updated : 2016-09-30 List Proportional Representation
Election system-References:
- Terms of office
- Last Updated : 2016-09-30 The President is elected by absolute majority vote through a two-round system to serve a 4-year term.
In the Federal Senate (Senado Federal) 81 members are elected by plurality vote in multi-member constituencies to serve 8-year terms.** In the Chamber of Deputies (Camara dos Deputados) 513 members are elected through an open-list proportional representation system to serve 4-year terms
President: four years
Terms of office-References:
- Election
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 Brazilian general election, 2014
Election-References:
- Date
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 5 October 2014
Date-References:
- Political parties in the elections
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Number of elected candidates
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 594
Number of elected candidates-References:
- Voter turnout
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 74%
Voter turnout-References:
- Number of ballots cast
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 112,683,879
Number of ballots cast-References:
- Legal framework for elections
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
In Brazil, electoral law is NATIONAL and
UNIFORM, i.e. the states have no legal competence on the subject, and as such
there are no different electoral processes inside the country. Similarly,
pursuant to Article 22, I of the 1988 Federal Constitution, the Union (the
Federal Government) has exclusive competence to legislate on electoral law,
which entails that the rules it issues are valid throughout the country, both
for general and municipal elections.
Legal framework for elections-References:
- Legal provisions
- Last Updated : 2016-11-04 Constitution: "Constitui??o da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil", art. 49 (XV), 84 (VIII), 231 (5), 14, 18 (3, 4), 27 (4), 61 (2):
Legal provisions-References:
- Referenda
- Last Updated : 2016-11-04 Constitution: "Constitui??o da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil", art. 49 (XV), 84 (VIII), 14, 61 (2):
Referenda-References:
- People’s Initiatives
- Last Updated : 2016-11-28 N/A
People’s Initiatives-References:
- Recall Votes
- Last Updated : 2016-11-28
N/A
Recall Votes-References:
- Official name
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
-Superior Electoral Court of Brazil.
-The history of the Brazilian
Electoral Justice System reveals the struggles and achievements of great
characters, people who have always sought to strengthen democratic traditions
and the legitimacy of elections. Founded in 1932, abolished in 1937 during the
New State and reinstated in 1945, this specialized branch of the Judiciary has
the prerogative to safeguard the integrity of all stages of the electoral
process, from voter registration to the swearing in of the candidates elected
by the country's ultimate holder of sovereign power: the Brazilian people.
In Brazil, electoral law is national
and uniform, i.e. the states have no legal competence on the subject, and as
such there are no different electoral processes inside the country. Similarly,
pursuant to Article 22, I of the 1988 Federal Constitution, the Union (the
Federal Government) has exclusive competence to legislate on electoral law,
which entails that the rules it issues are valid throughout the country, both
for general and municipal elections. Furthermore, in Brazil the Electoral Justice
System, which is national, not only judges but also organizes elections in the
country.
Official name -References:
- Mission, Vision, Key Objectives, Functions
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
-In the administrative sphere, it operates voter registration, manages the National Voter Registry, acts in the preparation and organization of elections and also operates vote counting, the announcement of results and the "graduation" (swearing in) of elected candidates. In the judicial sphere, the Electoral Justice System reviews candidate applications, party and electoral accounts, illegal acts and electoral crimes. The Superior Electoral Court is endowed with regulatory power, and as such can issue the instructions it deems necessary for the implementation of electoral legislation. In this presentation, we will discuss the voting and vote aggregation systems developed by the Superior Electoral Court.
-The Electoral Court System has the authority to perform three different functions:
Judicial functions, Regulatory functions, Monitoring of Election Campaigns.
Mission, Vision, Key Objectives, Functions-References:
- Type of EMB(independent, governmental, mixed)
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
Independent
Type of EMB(independent, governmental, mixed)-References:
- EMB budget source
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 The legislature - Other
EMB budget source-References:
- EMB expenditure audit
- Last Updated : 2016-09-30 The Court of Auditors of the Union
EMB expenditure audit-References:
- Number of EMB members (commissioners)
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
Full Ministers 7, Substitute Minister 8.
Number of EMB members (commissioners)-References:
- Term of EMB members (commissioners)
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 For a specified number of years
Term of EMB members (commissioners)-References:
- Who appoints members (commissioners)?
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 Head of State - Judiciary
Who appoints members (commissioners)?-References:
- Selection of Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson
- Last Updated : 2016-12-14 N/A
Selection of Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson-References:
- Administrative divisions
- Last Updated : 2016-11-04
Brazil is divided into 27 federative units: the Federal District, Distrito Federal (DF), and 26 states:
There are over 5500 municipalities in Brazil. The Federal District is divided into 31 administrative regions.
Administrative divisions -References:
- Delimitation of constituencies(electoral district)
- Last Updated : 2016-08-19 existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used
Delimitation of constituencies(electoral district) -References:
- Criteria for drawing boundaries
- Last Updated : 2016-08-19 Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
Criteria for drawing boundaries-References:
- Body responsible for drawing boundaries
- Last Updated : 2016-08-19 Legislature (1st chamber)
Body responsible for drawing boundaries-References:
- Requirements on the right to vote
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Reasons for having the right to vote revoked
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Electoral Eligibility
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Reasons for having the eligibility revoked
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Requirements for party registration
- Last Updated : 2016-09-08 Other
Requirements for party registration-References:
- Candidate nomination
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Nomination by political parties
- Self nomination (independents)
- Candidate Registration (National Assembly members)
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Requirement
- Period
- Method
- Application form
- Acceptance and notice
- Restriction/Prohibition on candidate registration
- Candidate registration deposit
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Amount of fee
- Return of fee
- Uncontested Election
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Preparation of the voters list
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Whether the registration is compulsory (or not)
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Who is responsible for the voters list
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voters list preparation procedure
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Inspection and objection procedure
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Definition
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Period
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Methods
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Prohibited forms of campaigning
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Who is not permitted to campaign
- Campaign Finance
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Campaign expense limit
- Income and expenditure of campaign expense
- Report, public inspection, and open of income and expenditure
- Investigation on income and expenditure of campaign expense & actions
- Reimbursement of campaign expense
- Presiding officers
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
① How many of officers in a polling station
② Roles of each officer
③ How we nominate the officers
- Facilities or items a polling station is equipped with
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Polling station location criteria
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voting hours
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voting
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
① Is compulsory or voluntary?
② How many ballot papers are distributed to each voter?
- Ballot Paper
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
① Determination of the order of candidates on ballots
② What has to be included in the ballot paper?
③ Ballot paper design or sample ballot paper
④ Valid and invalid ballot paper
- Voting Procedures
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Start ofvoting
- Process of voting
- End of voting
- Marking method
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Special voting (Absentee / Early / Proxy / Assisted / Postal / etc)
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
① Who are subjected to do
② Voting procedures
- Counting Location
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Counting period
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Vote counting method
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Counting Procedures
- Last Updated : 2016-08-23
Tally of voters who voted - Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud - Data fed into computer for calculation - Copies of results of the count are publicly posted at the counting site immediately on the completion of the count - Copies of results are provided to party agents - Other
Counting Procedures-References:
- When are ballots recounted?
- Last Updated : 2016-08-19 Court order
When are ballots recounted?-References:
- Who is eligible to vote for overseas voting?
- Last Updated : 2016-10-24 Citizens residing outside the country
Who is eligible to vote for overseas voting?-References:
- Overseas voters list preparation
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Where to vote
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voting procedure for early voting
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Methods used to transport ballot papers
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Counting procedure
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- How is the elected candidate chosen in the case of a tie?
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Apportioning of National Assembly seats
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Results Announcement
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Is the announcement of preliminary result required?
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Deadline for announcement of final results
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Reason for holding a by- or re-election
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- By-election dates
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Electoral process
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Criteria for allocating free broadcast time
- Last Updated : 2016-08-19 Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance - Based on result of previous election
Criteria for allocating free broadcast time-References:
- Television debates
- Last Updated : 2016-08-19 in presidential elections - in legislative elections
Television debates-References:
- Blackout period for release of election survey results
- Last Updated : 2016-08-19 10 or more day
Blackout period for release of election survey results-References:
- Electoral dispute resolution body
- Last Updated : 2016-11-04 The Regional Electoral Tribunals and the Electoral Judges.
Electoral dispute resolution body-References:
- Electoral dispute resolution mechanism
- Last Updated : 2016-11-28 N/A
Electoral dispute resolution mechanism-References:
- Alternative electoral dispute resolution mechanism
- Last Updated : 2016-12-14 N/A
Alternative electoral dispute resolution mechanism-References:
- Direct public funding
- Last Updated : 2016-10-28 regularly provided funding
Direct public funding-References:
- Private funding of political parties
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- If so, is there limit on the amount a donor can contribute to candidate or political party
- Regulation, monitoring and investigation
- Last Updated : 2016-10-28 Decertification and cease from office might be applied to candidates who infringed finance regulations. Fines, loss of public funding for up to two years and even deregistration penalties can be imposed on political parties.
Regulation, monitoring and investigation-References:
- Regulation, monitoring and investigation bodies
- Last Updated : 2016-10-28
EMB
Regulation, monitoring and investigation bodies-References:
- Which electoral processes are using ICTs?
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
-
Voter registration and
identification
i.
Biometrics
-In the 2014 elections, 21,677,955 voters were eligible to
vote using biometric identification in 764
municipalities. Of these, 91.5% were recognized through their fingerprints, a
percentage that shows the success of biometric voter identification. Brazil currently
has 145,120,425 voters, of which about 43
million, or 29.64%, are already registered biometrically (as of March 30 2016).
-4 Attempts (After studies, the STI found that about 93% of positive
identifications occurred until the fourth attempt, and as such proposed
decreasing the number of attempts allowed).Request for voters to type their
birth year IF there is no identification through biometrics after the last
attempt. The reason for the request is to avoid errors by poll workers, since
under the current process voters attending the polling place without a voter ID
will be served by poll workers, who look up the voter's name in a long list and
type that voter's voter ID number manually in their control terminal. It was
then possible that the poll worker would type the voter ID number of the person
below or above the actual voter on the list; biometric identification would
then not work, and the poll worker would then use an approval code to clear the
voter. If the information does not match, the voter will be instructed to seek
the Electoral Registry Office.
-
E-voting
i.
Goals for the electronic voting
system
a)
Standardization
b)
Compliance with Brazilian
legislation
c)
User-friendly process
d)
Cost reduction
e)
Durability
f)
Security
g)
Logistical Advantage
ii.
Computerized Vote: About 70 million
voters were registered into one single database. The work to implement the
electronic voting system began in 1995.
The
IT committee, composed by TSE's technicians and consultants, presented a
prototype of an electronic voting machine.
iii.
The electronic voting machine
a)
Introduce
The electronic voting machine was developed
by the Superior Electoral Court in order to afford more security and
transparency to the electoral process, grounded on the premise of mitigating
human intervention in vote counting and aggregation procedures. The Electronic
Voting System is a full solution comprising a series of elements, including
various forms of software, hardware, acquisition/procurement, logistics and
procedures, all supported by a set of resolutions that regulate electoral
legislation. Much more than a mere computational
solution, the system brings together voter registration, party affiliation,
candidate registration, the configuration of elections (general, municipal and
supplementary elections, as well as popular consultations), voting, aggregation,
announcements of results, accountability and a number of other tasks. The
solution is planned, controlled, monitored and risk-managed by a Program that
consists of over 120 interdependent projects, managed using the best project
management practices established by the Project Management Institute (PMI) and
those described in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK), supported in the TSE by the Enterprise Project
Management (EPM) technological solution developed by Microsoft. The systems are
developed under computational architectures standardized throughout the
Electoral Justice System, and their development follows internationally
recognized methodologies Unified Process (UP) and Agile Modeling, both
customized to adjust to the reality of the TSE. Governance, management,
operation, continuity and security policies and practices (among others)
established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and in
the guidelines of the Control Objectives for Information and related Technology
(COBIT) and the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) all help
ensure the success of Brazilian elections.
b) Security
The TSE Data Center is responsible for
hosting all computerized systems of the TSE and common-use systems of the Electoral
Justice System, such as the National Voter Registry and ELO, the system
responsible for the registration (conventional and biometric) of voters. The data center occupies an area of 152 m2
in the annex building of the TSE. It is protected
by a safe room certified under ABNT standard NBR 15247:2004, featuring fire-
and flood-resistant rooms. It features fire prevention/fighting system,
moisture and temperature monitoring and biometric access control.
c)
Advantage of electronic voting machine
Prevents fraud through voter ID control (the same voter cannot
vote in more than one place. Verification of the software loaded in the voting machine by electoral inspectors before the machine is
sealed. Generation of the
"zeroth vote" report [zer?sima] (list of candidates with zero votes), proving that
no votes have been pre-registered in the voting machine; issuance of the voting
machine report [boletim da urna] at the end of voting, in 5 copies, one
of which is posted at the entrance of the polling station, one delivered to the
inspectors from the parties present, and the others to the Vote Counting Board. Elimination of "mapism" (i.e. manually
tampering with data when filling in the voting machine report) as well as human
error. Furthermore, manual voting required a
commission to interpret unclearly
written votes, which no longer occurs. Display of candidate
photos to ensure verification by
the voter. The electronic voting machine does not depend on electricity to operate, featuring
12 hours of battery life. The votes in the voting machine are cast through numbers: every party
and every candidate has a number, which makes it easy and fast to vote. The electronic voting machine only records the indication that the voter
has voted. Internal data shuffling and other security mechanisms ensure
it is not possible to identify the candidates a voter has voted for, thus
ensuring compliance with the Brazilian Federal Constitution, which determines
the secrecy of the vote.
-
Processing of results: The voter
appears at the polls from 8 am to 5 pm and performs his vote. From 5 pm the
board member quits the vote by a password. The report of the urn is printed.
The data is encrypted and digitally signed and stored in memory result. The
data are transmitted to the data centers of the regional courts. Are decrypted,
checked and totaled. The consolidated results are transmitted to the TSE that
makes the general release.
Which electoral processes are using ICTs? -References:
- When it was introduced
- Last Updated : 2016-12-14 N/A
When it was introduced-References:
- Gender equality
- Last Updated : 2016-11-04 51 of 513 (10%) seats in the C?mara dos Deputados / Chamber of Deputies are held by women.
Gender equality-References:
- Aids for disabled or handicapped voters
- Last Updated : 2016-12-14 N/A
Aids for disabled or handicapped voters -References:
- Voter education
- Last Updated : 2016-08-19 Election time only
Voter education-References:
- National civic education
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- EMB Staff education
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Domestic observation
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- International observation
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Partnerships/MoUs
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- International Activities
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Major challenges to elections
- Last Updated : 2016-08-12
? Major challenges to elections
i. Improve the biometric identification for all the voters
ii. Improve better logistics to operate anywhere:
A. Indigenous village;
B. Large urban center;
C. Places under the influence of the organized crime ou adverse conditions
iii. Improve better method to serve everyone:
A. Visually impaired, physical disabled people and patients;
B. Total or functionally illiterate; Abroad citizens, elders, etc
? Measures taken to deal with those challenges
i. Adoption of the National Civil Register
-Development of a multiuse card for different purposes
ii. Development of new voting machines
-Smaller and lighter machines;
-Enhance transmission speed of the results;
-Internet votation for abroad electors.
Major challenges to elections-References:
- Measures taken to deal with those Challenges
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03