Ecuador
- System of government
- Last Updated : 2016-09-09
Unitary presidential constitutional republic
System of government-References:
- Total population
- Last Updated : 2016-09-09
16,144,000
Total population-References:
- Total area (in square kilo meters)
- Last Updated : 2016-10-24
| 283,560a km2 |
Total area (in square kilo meters)-References:
- Number of registered voters
- Last Updated : 2016-09-09 11,675,441
Number of registered voters-References:
- Number of registered political parties
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Number of polling stations
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Average number of voters per polling station
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voting age
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 16
Voting age-References:
- Elected Offices
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Election system
- Last Updated : 2016-10-10 Plurality (FPTP)
Parallel (Segmented) (PR Lists and Majoritarian constituencies)
List Proportional Representation
Election system-References:
- Terms of office
- Last Updated : 2016-10-10 The President is elected by majority vote to serve a 4-year term.
In the National Congress (Congreso Nacional), 15 members are elected through an open-list proportional representation system to serve 4-year terms, 116 members are elected by plurality vote in multi-member constituencies to serve 4-year terms and 6 members are elected by majority vote in multi-member constituencies to serve 4-year terms
Terms of office-References:
- Election
- Last Updated : 2016-09-09 Ecuadorian general election, 2013
Election-References:
- Date
- Last Updated : 2016-09-09 17 February 2013
Date-References:
- Political parties in the elections
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Number of elected candidates
- Last Updated : 2016-09-09 137
Number of elected candidates-References:
- Voter turnout
- Last Updated : 2016-09-09
63%
Voter turnout-References:
- Number of ballots cast
- Last Updated : 2016-09-09
9,436,383
Number of ballots cast-References:
- Legal framework for elections
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08
The 2009 general elections were governed by a divserse range of legislation which is generally in line with international standards: the 2008 Constitution, including the Transitory Dispositions and the Transitional Regime, laws enacted prior to the 2008 Constitution that remianed applicable in areas not covered by the Constitution, most importantly the 2000 Electoral Law, the 2000 Law on Political Parties and the 2000 Law Governing Expenditure and Electoral Publicity, the regulations and directives adopted by the NEC and the Election Disputes Tribunal (EDT). Ecuador has ratified all major treaties containing international standards for elections.
Legal framework for elections-References:
- Legal provisions
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 Constitution, art. 106, 420, 441, 442 (2, 3); Organic Law of 7 April 2010 on Citizen participation
Legal provisions-References:
- Referenda
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08
Constitution, art. 442 (2, 3)
Constitution, art. 106, 420, 441 (1) (Optional)
Referenda-References:
- People’s Initiatives
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 Constitution, art. 61 (3), 103, 104, 134 (5), 420, 441 (2), 442, ; Organic Law of 7 April 2010 on Citizen participation, art. 6 - 18
People’s Initiatives-References:
- Recall Votes
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 Constitution, art. 61 (6), 105, 106; Organic Law of 7 April 2010 on Citizen participation, art. 25 - 28
Recall Votes-References:
- Official name
- Last Updated : 2016-09-02 National Electoral Council of the Republic of Ecuador
Tribunal Contencioso Electoral del Ecuador
Official name -References:
- Mission, Vision, Key Objectives, Functions
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Type of EMB(independent, governmental, mixed)
- Last Updated : 2016-10-10
Independent
Type of EMB(independent, governmental, mixed)-References:
- EMB budget source
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 The legislature - Other
EMB budget source-References:
- EMB expenditure audit
- Last Updated : 2016-10-10
Other - The expenses are controlled by the General State Comptroller, which is an independent technical body responsible for monitoring the use of state resources.
EMB expenditure audit-References:
- Number of EMB members (commissioners)
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 1 - 10 members
Number of EMB members (commissioners)-References:
- Term of EMB members (commissioners)
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 For a specified number of years
Term of EMB members (commissioners)-References:
- Who appoints members (commissioners)?
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08
The members of the National Electoral Council and the Electoral Tribunal shall be appointed by the Council of Citizen Participation and Social Control (Consejo de Participaci?n Ciudadana y Control Social), after public competition among nominated citizens, and ensuring fairness and equality for men and women.
Who appoints members (commissioners)?-References:
- Selection of Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Administrative divisions
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 divided into 24 provinces
Administrative divisions -References:
- Delimitation of constituencies(electoral district)
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 15 members of the National Assembly are elected from a nationwide constituency. 2 members of the National Assembly are elected from each province, plus 1 additional member for every 200,000 inhabitants or fraction thereof over 150,000, on the basis of the last national population census. There are also special overseas constituencies that elect in total 6 members of the National Assembly.
Delimitation of constituencies(electoral district) -References:
- Criteria for drawing boundaries
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 "Equality" of population - Respecting natural barriers - Compactness of constituencies - Conformity with local jurisdiction
Criteria for drawing boundaries-References:
- Body responsible for drawing boundaries
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 Legislature (1st chamber) - Electoral Management Body (EMB)
Body responsible for drawing boundaries-References:
- Requirements on the right to vote
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Reasons for having the right to vote revoked
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Electoral Eligibility
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Reasons for having the eligibility revoked
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Requirements for party registration
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Candidate nomination
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 independent can candidates compete in both presidential and legislative elections
Candidate nomination-References:
- Candidate Registration (National Assembly members)
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02
- Requirement
Age
Citizenship
Residence
Other
Candidate Registration (National Assembly members) -References:
- Candidate registration deposit
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Amount of fee
- Return of fee
- Uncontested Election
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Preparation of the voters list
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 Extracted from a population/civil registry
Preparation of the voters list-References:
- Whether the registration is compulsory (or not)
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 Yes
Whether the registration is compulsory (or not)-References:
- Who is responsible for the voters list
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 Election Management Body
Who is responsible for the voters list -References:
- Voters list preparation procedure
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Inspection and objection procedure
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Definition
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Period
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Methods
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Prohibited forms of campaigning
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Who is not permitted to campaign
- Campaign Finance
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Campaign expense limit
- Income and expenditure of campaign expense
- Report, public inspection, and open of income and expenditure
- Investigation on income and expenditure of campaign expense & actions
- Reimbursement of campaign expense
- Presiding officers
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
① How many of officers in a polling station
② Roles of each officer
③ How we nominate the officers
- Facilities or items a polling station is equipped with
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Polling station location criteria
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voting hours
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voting
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
① Is compulsory or voluntary?
② How many ballot papers are distributed to each voter?
- Ballot Paper
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
① Determination of the order of candidates on ballots
② What has to be included in the ballot paper?
③ Ballot paper design or sample ballot paper
④ Valid and invalid ballot paper
- Voting Procedures
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Start ofvoting
- Process of voting
- End of voting
- Marking method
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Special voting (Absentee / Early / Proxy / Assisted / Postal / etc)
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
① Who are subjected to do
② Voting procedures
- Counting Location
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 The polling stations
Counting Location-References:
- Counting period
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Vote counting method
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Counting Procedures
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 Separate ballots for different elections - Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box - Tally of voters who voted - Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters - Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused) - Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud - Single tallying as voters are being called out - Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate - Counted by hand - Copies of results of the count are publicly posted at the counting site immediately on the completion of the count - Copies of results are provided to party agents
Counting Procedures-References:
- When are ballots recounted?
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 in case of invalid vote-counting procedure
When are ballots recounted?-References:
- Who is eligible to vote for overseas voting?
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 Citizens residing outside the country
Who is eligible to vote for overseas voting?-References:
- Overseas voters list preparation
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Where to vote
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Voting procedure for early voting
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Methods used to transport ballot papers
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Counting procedure
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- How is the elected candidate chosen in the case of a tie?
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Apportioning of National Assembly seats
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Results Announcement
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Is the announcement of preliminary result required?
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Deadline for announcement of final results
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Reason for holding a by- or re-election
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- By-election dates
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Electoral process
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Criteria for allocating free broadcast time
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Criteria for allocating free broadcast time-References:
- Television debates
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 No
Television debates-References:
- Blackout period for release of election survey results
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 10 or more day
Blackout period for release of election survey results-References:
- Electoral dispute resolution body
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 The Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Contencioso Electoral)
Electoral dispute resolution body-References:
- Electoral dispute resolution mechanism
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 N/A
Electoral dispute resolution mechanism-References:
- Alternative electoral dispute resolution mechanism
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 N/A
Alternative electoral dispute resolution mechanism-References:
- Direct public funding
- Last Updated : 2016-10-28 both regularly provided funding and in relation to campaigns
Direct public funding-References:
- Private funding of political parties
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- If so, is there limit on the amount a donor can contribute to candidate or political party
- Regulation, monitoring and investigation
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 Sanctions include Fines, Loss of public funding, Deregistration of party, Loss of political rights, Suspension of political party, etc.
Regulation, monitoring and investigation-References:
- Regulation, monitoring and investigation bodies
- Last Updated : 2016-11-02 EMB - Other
Regulation, monitoring and investigation bodies-References:
- Which electoral processes are using ICTs?
- Last Updated : 2016-10-10
E-voting is currently used in elections with EMB participation
In politically-binding national elections (elections for public office or direct democracy initiatives)Even though legislation allows the general use of e-voting in the country, in practice, e-voting was implemented only at sub-national level elections so far.
The pilot tests of e-voting took place only in three provinces that amount for 10% of the national electoral roll of Ecuador, during an election of provincial authorities. Direct recording electronic (DRE) voting machines with and without voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) Electronic voting machines with an intelligent ballot paper which incorporates a RFID chip that stores the vote. During the elections of February 26, 2014, the National Electoral Council undertook three (3) pilot tests with different universes of voters in the provinces of Azuay (approximately 608,000 voters), Santo Domingo de los Ts?chilas (around 326,000 voters) and La Morita (500 voters), using 3 different technologies provided by Argentina’s MSA (electronic voting machine with an intelligent ballot paper), Venezuela’s Smartmatic (electronic ballot box) and a machine provided by Russia’s EMB (electronic ballot box).
These tests covered about 10% of the national electoral roll, and were conducted to define the electronic voting and counting to be used for in future national electoral processes.
E-voting takes place in controlled environment. The electronic voting pilot tests went through different working stages: dissemination, training, logistics, electoral processes, informatics and telecommunications. An extensive dissemination process was developed in parallel to the training, so that the voters could be instructed as to how to use these technologies. The logistics at the polling centres were modified to adapt the procedures to the use of the technologies. This was all done with the support of the sufficient polling centres’ coordinators and technicians, and the polling table coordinators.
If e-voting is currently being used, is it available for all voters or only some groups of voters?
View all countries' data for this field Voters in particular constituencies (see comments)The pilot tests of e-voting took place only in three provinces that amount for 10% of the national electoral roll of Ecuador, during an election of provincial authorities, which is why voting from abroad was not made available. It is envisioned that e-voting will be implemented in all the country for all the voters enfranchised for the different elections.
Which electoral processes are using ICTs? -References:
- When it was introduced
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 N/A
When it was introduced-References:
- Gender equality
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 Female Population: 7,829,381 (2013)
· Is Ecuador a signatory to CEDAW: Yes (17 July 1980)
· Has Ecuador ratified CEDAW: Yes (9 November 1981)
· Gender Quota: Yes
· Female candidates in this election: Yes
· Number of Female Parliamentarians: 40 (following the 2009 elections)
· Human Development Index Position: 88 (2014)
· Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) Categorization: Low (2014)
Gender equality-References:
- Aids for disabled or handicapped voters
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 Is Ecuador a signatory to CRPD: Yes 30 March 2007
· Has Ecuador ratified CRPD: 3 April 2008
· Population with a disability: 2,349,196 (est.)
Aids for disabled or handicapped voters -References:
- Voter education
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 Continuously
Voter education-References:
- National civic education
- Last Updated : 2016-08-25 conducted by the National Electoral Management Body
National civic education-References:
- EMB Staff education
- Last Updated : 2016-12-08 N/A
EMB Staff education-References:
- Domestic observation
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- International observation
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Partnerships/MoUs
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- International Activities
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Major challenges to elections
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03
- Measures taken to deal with those Challenges
- Last Updated : 2016-05-03