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Nicaragua

Basic election-related information
System of government
Last Updated : 2016-09-23

Unitary presidential constitutional republic

System of government-References:

 

Total population
Last Updated : 2016-09-23
6,167,237

 

Total population-References:

 

Total area (in square kilo meters)
Last Updated : 2016-09-23
130,375 km2

 

Total area (in square kilo meters)-References:

 

Number of registered voters
Last Updated : 2016-09-23
3,665,141

 

Number of registered voters-References:

 

Number of registered political parties
Last Updated : 2016-05-03
Number of polling stations
Last Updated : 2016-05-03
Average number of voters per polling station
Last Updated : 2016-05-03
Voting age
Last Updated : 2016-08-31
16

 

Voting age-References:

 

Elective offices
Elected Offices
Last Updated : 2016-05-03
Election system
Last Updated : 2016-09-23

List Proportional Representation (Chamber 1)

 

Members of the National Assembly are elected by proportional representation for a five-year term.

Election system-References:

 

Terms of office
Last Updated : 2016-09-23
The President is elected by plurality vote to serve a 5-year term.*
  • In the National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) 90 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system to serve 5-year terms.***

    • * In order to avoid a run-off, a candidate must obtain either 40 percent of the vote or 35 percent with at least a 5-point lead over the nearest rival.

    *** There are 17 multi-member constituencies for 70 seats (District magnitude ranging from 2 to 19) and one nationwide constituency comprising 20 seats. There is no threshold for entering parliament. One seat is reserved for the previous president and one seat for the runner-up in previous presidential election.

     

    Terms of office-References:

     

    Information on the most recent election
    Election
    Last Updated : 2016-09-23
    Nicaraguan general election, 2011

     

    Election-References:

     

    Date
    Last Updated : 2016-09-23
    6 November 2011

     

    Date-References:

     

    Political parties in the elections
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Number of elected candidates
    Last Updated : 2016-09-23
    90 seats in the National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional)

     

    Number of elected candidates-References:

     

    Voter turnout
    Last Updated : 2016-09-23
    69%

     

    Voter turnout-References:

     

    Number of ballots cast
    Last Updated : 2016-09-23
    2,512,584

     

    Number of ballots cast-References:

     

    Legal Framework
    Legal framework for elections
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    Part of Constitution - Separate legislation

     

    Legal framework for elections-References:

     

    Referenda
    Legal provisions
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22

     


    		Constitution: “Constituci?n Pol?tica de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 2, 140 (5):

    Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 133 - 138: 

    Legal provisions-References:

     

    Referenda
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22
    Constitution: “Constituci?n Pol?tica de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 2:

     

    Referenda-References:

     

    People’s Initiatives
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22
    Constitution: “Constituci?n Pol?tica de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 140

     

    People’s Initiatives-References:

     

    Recall Votes
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22
    Constitution: “Constituci?n Pol?tica de Nicaragua (2014)”:

     

    Recall Votes-References:

     

    Electoral Management Body
    Official name
    Last Updated : 2016-09-23
    Nicaragua Supreme Electoral Tribunal

     

    Official name -References:

     

    Mission, Vision, Key Objectives, Functions
    Last Updated : 2016-09-23
    MISSION
    Organize, direct and supervise elections, plebiscites and referenda in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Nicaragua, the Electoral Law and decisions issued by the Plenum of the Supreme Electoral Council, ensuring transparent and efficiently exercise the right to vote fairly and competitive.

     

    VISION
    Modernizing and technically improve electoral processes with emphasis on integrated civil registry system, Identity Cards Citizen and Electoral Cartography thus guaranteeing the legitimate right to a name and nationality for each of Nicaraguans so that they can fully exercise the mandates of the Constitution of the Republic of Nicaragua.

     

    Mission, Vision, Key Objectives, Functions-References:

     

    Type of EMB(independent, governmental, mixed)
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    Independent

     

    Type of EMB(independent, governmental, mixed)-References:

     

    EMB budget source
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    The legislature - Other

     

    EMB budget source-References:

     

    EMB expenditure audit
    Last Updated : 2016-11-23

    The legislature -  Another organ within the national government (The General Comptroller of the Republic is an independent body in charge of controlling the management of the General State Budget.)

    EMB expenditure audit-References:

     

    Number of EMB members (commissioners)
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    1 - 10 members

     

    Number of EMB members (commissioners)-References:

     

    Term of EMB members (commissioners)
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    For a specified number of years

     

    Term of EMB members (commissioners)-References:

     

    Who appoints members (commissioners)?
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    Head of State - Legislature - Civil society

     

    Who appoints members (commissioners)?-References:

     

    Selection of Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Boundary Delimitation
    Administrative divisions
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22

    divided for administrative purposes into fifteen departments (departamentos) and two autonomous regions (regi?nes aut?nomas):

    Administrative divisions -References:

     

    Delimitation of constituencies(electoral district)
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used

     

    Delimitation of constituencies(electoral district) -References:

     

    Criteria for drawing boundaries
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries

     

    Criteria for drawing boundaries-References:

     

    Body responsible for drawing boundaries
    Last Updated : 2016-11-23

    Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries 

    Body responsible for drawing boundaries-References:

     

    Right to Vote and Electoral Eligibility
    Requirements on the right to vote
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Reasons for having the right to vote revoked
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Electoral Eligibility
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Reasons for having the eligibility revoked
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Political parties and Candidates
    Requirements for party registration
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    Regional distribution requirement - Other

     

    Requirements for party registration-References:

     

    Candidate nomination
    Last Updated : 2016-11-23
    independent candidates can compete in both presidential and legislative elections

     

    Candidate nomination-References:

     

    Candidate Registration (National Assembly members)
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    - Requirement

    - Period

    - Method

    - Application form

    - Acceptance and notice

    - Restriction/Prohibition on candidate registration

    Candidate registration deposit
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    - Amount of fee

    - Return of fee

    Uncontested Election
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Voter registration and voter’s list
    Preparation of the voters list
    Last Updated : 2016-11-23

    A continuous register (voter data is continuously collected and d between electoral events) 

    Preparation of the voters list-References:

     

    Whether the registration is compulsory (or not)
    Last Updated : 2016-10-25

    Yes 

    Whether the registration is compulsory (or not)-References:

     

    Who is responsible for the voters list
    Last Updated : 2016-10-25
    Created by the EMB using its own data collection and/or other sources of data

     

    Who is responsible for the voters list -References:

     

    Voters list preparation procedure
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Inspection and objection procedure
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Election Campaigning
    Definition
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Period
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Methods
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Prohibited forms of campaigning
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    - Who is not permitted to campaign

    Campaign Finance
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    - Campaign expense limit

    - Income and expenditure of campaign expense

    - Report, public inspection, and open of income and expenditure

    - Investigation on income and expenditure of campaign expense & actions

    - Reimbursement of campaign expense

    Polling stations
    Presiding officers
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    ① How many of officers in a polling station

    ② Roles of each officer

    ③ How we nominate the officers

    Facilities or items a polling station is equipped with
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Polling station location criteria
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Voting
    Voting hours
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Voting
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    ① Is compulsory or voluntary?

    ② How many ballot papers are distributed to each voter?

    Ballot Paper
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    ① Determination of the order of candidates on ballots

    ② What has to be included in the ballot paper?

    ③ Ballot paper design or sample ballot paper

    ④ Valid and invalid ballot paper

    Voting Procedures
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    - Start ofvoting

    - Process of voting

    - End of voting

    Marking method
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Special voting (Absentee / Early / Proxy / Assisted / Postal / etc)
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    ① Who are subjected to do

    ② Voting procedures

    Vote counting
    Counting Location
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    The polling stations

     

    Counting Location-References:

     

    Counting period
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Vote counting method
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Counting Procedures
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    - Start of counting

    - Process of counting

    - End of counting

    When are ballots recounted?
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    By request

     

    When are ballots recounted?-References:

     

    Overseas Voting (Only if permitted)
    Who is eligible to vote for overseas voting?
    Last Updated : 2016-12-12
    N/A

     

    Who is eligible to vote for overseas voting?-References:

     

    Overseas voters list preparation
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Where to vote
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Voting procedure for early voting
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Methods used to transport ballot papers
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Counting procedure
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Elected Candidates
    How is the elected candidate chosen in the case of a tie?
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Apportioning of National Assembly seats
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Results Announcement
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Is the announcement of preliminary result required?
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Deadline for announcement of final results
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Special elections (By-Election and Re-election)
    Reason for holding a by- or re-election
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    By-election dates
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Electoral process
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Media
    Criteria for allocating free broadcast time
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance

     

    Criteria for allocating free broadcast time-References:

     

    Television debates
    Last Updated : 2016-08-31
    No

     

    Television debates-References:

     

    Blackout period for release of election survey results
    Last Updated : 2016-12-12
    N/A

     

    Blackout period for release of election survey results-References:

     

    Electoral Judicial Process
    Electoral dispute resolution body
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22
    The Supreme Electoral Council is the contentious authority in electoral issues.

     

    Electoral dispute resolution body-References:

     

    Electoral dispute resolution mechanism
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22

     

    Art. 132:

    “De las actas sumatorias municipales o departamentales,los fiscales podr?n interponer recursos que ser?n resueltos en un plazo nomayor de tres d?as. De la resoluci?n de los recursos de impugnaci?n habr?apelaci?n ?nicamente ante el Consejo Supremo Electoral de conformidad con lapresente Ley.”

     

    Art. 163: 

    “Los fiscales presentar?n su solicitud de correcci?n deerrores aritm?ticos o de nulidad ante la Junta Receptora de Votos. Esta laincluir? en el Acta de escrutinio y enviar? con el resto de documentaci?n de lavotaci?n al Consejo Electoral de su circunscripci?n.”

     

     

     

     

    Article 132:

    "From the municipal or departmental summons, prosecutors could file appeals that will be resolved within a three-day period. The resolution of the appeals shall be appealed only to the Supreme Electoral Council in accordance with the present Law. "

     

    Art. 163:

     

    "Prosecutors shall submit their request for correction of arithmetic or nullity to the Voting Board. Is it included In the Counting and Shipping Act With the rest of documentation of the election to the Electoral Council of its circumscription. "

    Electoral dispute resolution mechanism-References:

     

    Alternative electoral dispute resolution mechanism
    Last Updated : 2016-12-12
    N/A

     

    Alternative electoral dispute resolution mechanism-References:

     

    Political Finance
    Direct public funding
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    - If so, eligibility criteria for direct public funding

    - If so, how this fund will be allocated

    Private funding of political parties
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

    - If so, is there limit on the amount a donor can contribute to candidate or political party

    Regulation, monitoring and investigation
    Last Updated : 2016-10-25
    Fines - Forfeiture - Deregistration of party - Loss of nomination of candidate - Other

     

    Regulation, monitoring and investigation-References:

     

    Regulation, monitoring and investigation bodies
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Use of ICT in Elections
    Which electoral processes are using ICTs?
    Last Updated : 2016-11-23

    If official election results processed by an electronic tabulation system, results between polling station level and central level are entered into an electronic tabulation system.

    Which electoral processes are using ICTs? -References:

     

    When it was introduced
    Last Updated : 2016-12-12
    N/A

     

    When it was introduced-References:

     

    Affirmative action
    Gender equality
    Last Updated : 2016-12-12
    Female Population: 3,023,064 (July 2015 est.)

    ·         Is Nicaragua a signatory to CEDAW: Yes (17 July 1980)

    ·         Has Nicaragua ratified CEDAW: Yes (27 October 1981)

    ·         Gender Quota: Yes

    ·         Female candidates in this election: Yes

    ·         Number of Female Parliamentarians: 37 (40.22%)

    ·         Human Development Index Position: 125 (2014)

    ·         Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) Categorization: Medium (2014)

    Gender equality-References:

     

    Aids for disabled or handicapped voters
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22
    Is Nicaragua a signatory to CRPD: Yes (30 March 2007)

    ·         Has Nicaragua ratified CRPD: Yes (7 December 2007)

    ·         Population with a disability: 886,182 (est.)

     

    Aids for disabled or handicapped voters -References:

     

    Election Education
    Voter education
    Last Updated : 2016-10-25
    Continuously

     

    Voter education-References:

     

    National civic education
    Last Updated : 2016-10-25
    conducted by the National Electoral Management Body

     

    National civic education-References:

     

    EMB Staff education
    Last Updated : 2016-12-12
    N/A

     

    EMB Staff education-References:

     

    Election Observation
    Domestic observation
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    International observation
    Last Updated : 2016-11-22

    The OAS General Secretariat had been invited to observe every electoral process held in Nicaragua since 1990, for which its respective reports were presented to the Permanent Council.

    On August 9, 2005, the government of Nicaragua and subsequently, on January 19, 2006, the Supreme Electoral Council invited the Organization of American States (OAS) to accompany the entire process for the election of regional councils on Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast (March 5) and the presidential and legislative elections (November 5).
     

    International observation-References:

     

    International cooperation
    Partnerships/MoUs
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    International Activities
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Challenges
    Major challenges to elections
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03
    Measures taken to deal with those Challenges
    Last Updated : 2016-05-03

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