A WEB

A-WEB World Election Database Survey 2024

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Questionnaire

(1)Member EMB Information

1. Country where your organization is located:  Republic of Korea

2. Name of your organization: National Election Commission

3. Date of your organization’s establishment: _21 of January, 1963

4. Type of organization: □ Constitutionally independent organization

5. Composition of Commissioners (eg., Chairperson, two Vice Chairpersons, one Secretary General, nine Commissioners): 9 members (1 President)

6. Method of selecting the Chairperson:
□ Elected □ Appointed

7. Term of the Chairperson (Head) of your organization (please select one):

□ Until retirement age

□ Permanent with no limit

□ Fixed term (years) _____6 years_____

- Reappointment possible: □ Yes □ No

8. Total number of staff (based on full-time employees at all levels of organization): __3,030 (30 of November, 2024)

9. Primary roles and functions of the Organization (please select all that apply):

□ Election management

□ Voter registration

□ Delimitation of electoral districts

□ Management of political party affairs

□ Management of political funds affairs

□ Enactment and amendment of the Election Law

□ Voter education

□ Mediation of electoral disputes

□ Investigation and enforcement against election law violations

(2)World Election Database

Ⅰ. National System

1. Form of Government:

□ Presidential system

□ Parliamentary system

□ Semi-presidential system 

□ Other (please specify): ___________________________

2. Term of the President (if applicable): (   5   ) years,

    2-1.Reappointment possible: □ Yes □ No

3. National Assembly:

□ Unicameral

□ Bicameral

4. If Unicameral:

    4-1. Term of Members of Parliament: (   4   ) years

    4-2. Limit on the number of reappointments: □ Yes □ No

    4-3. Number of seats in the Parliament: (  300 )

5. If Bicameral:

     5-1. Term of Members of the Upper House: (       ) years

     5-2. Limit on the number of reappointments: □Yes □No

     5-3. Number of seats in the Upper House: (    )

     5-4. Term of Members of the Lower House: (       ) years

     5-5. Limit on the number of reappointments: □Yes □No

     5-6. Number of seats in the Lower House: (    )

Ⅱ. General Electoral System

6. Presidential Election: □ Direct □ Indirect

     6-1. Runoff voting system in the Presidential Election: □ Yes □ No 

7. Parliamentary Election:

      7-1. Upper House:

              □ Direct □ Indirect
              □ Majoritarian □Proportional □Mixed (Majoritarian_______ %, Proportional _______%) 

      7-2. Unicameral or Lower House:
              □ Direct □ Indirect
              □ Majoritarian □Proportional □Mixed (Majoritarian _______%, Proportional _______%)

Ⅲ. Recent Election Status

8. What was the most recent election held? (It can be the last election, no matter how long ago)

     8-1. Type of election:

              □ Presidential □ Parliamentary □ Local □Referendum □Others (please specify): ________________________

      8-2. Date of the most recent election held (if the exact date is unavailable, please provide the year): __10 of April, 2024__

*Please answer the following questions (9-13) based on the most recent election you mentioned above:

9. Number of polling stations:

    □ Domestic ___14,259_______ □ Overseas ________220________

10. Opening/Closing time of polling stations: _6am to 6pm

11. Number of registered voters: __44,280,011 (National 44,251,919  - Oversea 28,092___​_​_​_​_​_​_​​

12. Voter turnout (%):_67.0%__________________________

13. Did your Organization run international election observation program?

      □ Yes □No □Other: ________________________

Ⅳ.Electoral System: Voting and Counting Procedures

14. Voting age: _______18________

15. Age of candidacy:

     15-1. President: _______40_________

     15-2. Member of Parliament: _______18________

16. Is overseas voting allowed? □ Yes □ No

17. Please select all applicable methods for overseas voting:

      □ Mail □ Visit to Embassy/Consulate □ Other (please specify): ________________________

18. Is voting compulsory? □ Yes □ No

19. Please check all special voting methods available:

      □ Advance voting (early in-person voting)

      □ Postal voting
      □ Mobile booth voting
      □ Proxy voting
      □ Voting assistance for individuals with neurodevelopmental or physical disabilities or senior citizens
      □ Other (please specify): _____(Home voting and mail voting possible___________________

20. The primary status of the staff involved in voting and ballot counting:

      □ Civil Servants □ Civilians

21. Is biometric data (fingerprints, photo, signatures, etc.) used to verify voters on election day?

      □Yes □ No □ Other: ________________________

22. How is voting conducted? (please select all that apply):

      □ Manual (marking a paper ballot and placing it in the ballot box)

      □ Electronic- optical scanner

      □ Electronic- touch screen voting

      □ Electronic- internet voting

      □ Other: ________________________

23. How is the vote counting conducted? (please select all that apply):

      □ Manual □ Electronic □ Other: ____Ballet paper distribute Machine________

24. Where is the vote counting conducted? (please select all that apply):

      □ At each polling station □ At a central counting center

25. When does vote counting begin? (please select all that apply):

      □ Immediately after voting ends □The following day □ Other: ________________________

26. How long does it take from the election day to announce the results?Next day of the Elections

27. Is there a unified voter registry?

      □ Centralized national registry □Multiple regional registries

28. How often is the voter registry updated?

       □Monthly □Annually □Only before elections □ Other (please specify): ____________

29. Does the voter need to personally register to vote?

       □Yes □ No

Ⅴ. Political Funds

30. Is there a system where the national or local government partially covers the election campaign costs 

      for candidates?    

      □ Yes (including conditional coverage) □ No

31. Does the national or local government provide subsidies (separate from campaign costs) for the           

      operation of political parties or elections?   

       □ Yes □ No

32. Is there a limit on election expenses?

      □ Yes □ No

33. Are the details of candidates' election expenditures posted online?

      □ Yes □ No 

 ​

 ​

________ ↓ Previous Information ↓________​

○ Presidential Election​  

 - Term of office: 5 years

○​ Parliamentary Elections ​ 

 - Seats: 300

 - Term of office: 4 years

○​ Election system ​

· Number of polling stations: 14,464 (2022 Presidential Election)

· Opening and closing time of polling stations

-  6 am and 6 pm respectively​​

· Number of registered voters:44,197,692 (2022 Election) 

· Voter turnout: 77.1% (2022 Presidential Election)

· Voting age: 18 

- Presidential: Directly elected by majority popular vote in a single-round system. 

- Parliamentary: 

  1. 253 members (2020 parliamentary elections)​ are elected by plurality vote in single-member constituencies 

  2. 47 members (2020 parliamentary elections) ​are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system 

  3. Parties must obtain either three percent of the national vote or at least five seats in the nominal tier

· Voting process: Voter ID Check => Receive Ballots => Mark the Ballots => Cast Ballots

· Counting process: 

  1. Opening the ballot box and organizing the ballots 

  2. Sorting the ballots according to political parties and candidates

  3. Putting them on the ballot classification equipment

  4. Reviewing, verifying, and tabulating ballots

  5. Verifying the status of counting

  6. Examining, accounting, and reporting the votes obtained by the parties and candidates

  7. Arranging and storing the ballots

· Time to take to announce voting results in the country​: 1 Day